Docker应用部署实战

Docker 应用部署

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 2022/12/15 

Centos部署应用步骤

配置代码运行环境

nginx下载及配置

#centos下载apache
[root@localhost admin]# yum install httpd 

#centos下载nginx
[root@localhost admin]# yum install epel-release
[root@localhost httpd]# yum install -y update
[root@localhost httpd]# yum install -y nginx

#打开防火墙端口80和443
[root@localhost httpd]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
[root@localhost httpd]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
[root@localhost httpd]# firewall-cmd --reload

#启动nignx服务
[root@localhost httpd]# systemctl start nginx

#查看nignx进程的状态
[root@localhost admin]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-12-11 18:32:09 PST; 1min 10s ago
  Process: 5678 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5675 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 5670 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 5680 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─5680 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─5683 nginx: worker process

12月 11 18:32:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP a...
12月 11 18:32:09 localhost.localdomain nginx[5675]: nginx: the configuration...
12月 11 18:32:09 localhost.localdomain nginx[5675]: nginx: configuration fil...
12月 11 18:32:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP an...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

#设置nignx服务开机自启动
[root@localhost httpd]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

#进入conf.d目录新建文件并填入以下内容
[root@localhost httpd]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
[root@localhost conf.d]# touch flask_test.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vi flask_test.conf
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    # api代理转发
    location / {
        proxy_redirect  off;
        proxy_set_header    Host $host;
        proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP            $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For      $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Proto    $scheme;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
    }
}

#重启nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx

pgsql下载及配置

#centos下载pgsql
[root@localhost httpd]# yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost httpd]# yum install postgresql12-server

#启动pgsql服务
[root@localhost httpd]# postgresql-12-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
[root@localhost httpd]# systemctl start postgresql-12

#设置pgsql服务开机自启动
[root@localhost httpd]# systemctl enable postgresql-12
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-12.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service.

#配置pgsql
[root@localhost bin]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (12.13)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# alter user postgres with password '123456'
postgres-# \q
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@localhost bin]# find / -name postgresql.conf
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: 权限不够
/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf

#配置远程访问
[root@localhost bin]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addressses="*"
port = 5432

node.js安装

#安装node.js
[root@localhost admin]# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v16.16.0/node-v16.16.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
[root@localhost admin]# tar -xvf node-v16.16.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
[root@localhost admin]# mv node-v16.16.0-linux-x64  node.js

#查找node.js路径
[root@localhost admin]# find / -name node.js
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: 权限不够
/home/admin/node.js
/home/admin/node.js/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/debug/src/node.js
/home/admin/node.js/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/arborist/lib/node.js
/home/admin/node.js/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/@npmcli/fs/lib/common/node.js
/home/admin/node.js/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/util-deprecate/node.js
#检查node版本
[root@localhost admin]# cd /home/admin/node.js/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./node -v
v16.16.0

#添加node.js的环境变量：
[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/profile
#在文件末尾加上两句代码如下：
#NODE_HOME为实际中node的安装位置目录
export NODE_HOME=/home/admin/node.js
export PATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH
#按ESC+:+wq退出vim模式，输入以下命令使配置生效
[root@localhost bin]# source /etc/profile

#配置软连接将环境配置放到开机自启动的脚本中
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/node.js/bin/node /usr/local/bin/node
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/node.js/bin/npm /usr/local/bin/npm
#查看虚拟机ip
[root@localhost admin]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.60.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.60.255
        inet6 fe80::b659:fb9c:695f:5eff  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:b0:6f:2a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 491682  bytes 725762513 (692.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 49960  bytes 3119454 (2.9 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1411  bytes 485777 (474.3 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1411  bytes 485777 (474.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:42:aa:9d  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

部署应用

应用代码传输

在window系统中下载xftp并安装，官网地址如下：家庭/学校免费 - NetSarang Website (xshell.com)，安装好后打开，点击新建，在主机一栏填上虚拟机的ip地址：192.168.60.129，用户名填root，密码填虚拟机的密码，其他默认，点击连接如下所示：

左侧窗口为本地目录，右侧窗口为虚拟机目录。选中左侧文件后右键，点击传输便可将文件从本地的windows系统传输到Linux虚拟机中。

应用前端部署

#切换到前端代码目录
[root@localhost bin]# cd /root/WeChat_exercise/front-end

#下载vue及vue cli、加载项目所需的配置文件
[root@localhost front-end]# npm install vue
[root@localhost front-end]# npm install --global @vue/cli
[root@localhost front-end]# npm install yarn
[root@localhost front-end]# npm install

#运行前端项目
[root@localhost front-end]# npm run serve
 DONE  Compiled successfully in 51145ms                                                                               01:47:08
  App running at:
  - Local:   http://localhost:8080 
  - Network: http://192.168.60.129:8080

  Note that the development build is not optimized.
  To create a production build, run yarn build.

后端环境部署

#编译安装python3
[root@localhost admin]# wget https://www.Python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[root@localhost admin]# tar xJf  Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[root@localhost admin]# cd  Python-3.6.1
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/python3 && make && make install

#创建软链接
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

#更换pip源
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir ~/.pip
[root@localhost ~]#  vi ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

#切换到后端项目目录，安装virtualenv
[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/WeChat_exercise/back-end
ot@localhost back-end]# yum install python-virtualenv

#创建虚拟环境venv并激活
[root@localhost back-end]# python3 -m venv venv
[root@localhost back-end]# . venv/bin/activate
[root@localhost back-end]# yum install postgresql-devel

#安装Flask和项目所需环境
(venv) [root@localhost back-end]# pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
(venv) [root@localhost back-end]# pip install Flask
(venv) [root@localhost back-end]# pip install -r requirements.txt
(venv) [root@localhost back-end]# pip install psycopg2
#运行Flask项目
(venv) [root@localhost back-end]#flask run

docker容器部署应用

这一部分先手动启动Pgsql、Python、Nginx等容器，然后再使用Docker Compose来编排容器。

Docker安装

#安装并启动docker
[root@localhost admin]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
[root@localhost admin]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost admin]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

构建PgSQL容器

安装镜像

1	[root@localhost admin]# docker pull postgres

创建配置文件夹，可以看到postgres镜像创建的容器是将数据保存在/var/lib/postgresql/data位置下的：

[root@localhost admin]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# mkdir -p /home/docker
[root@localhost home]# mkdir -p /home/docker/postgresql
[root@localhost home]# mkdir -p /home/docker/postgresql/data
[root@localhost home]# docker image inspect postgres
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:a26eb6069868e4bfd0095788e541bb40711861bdfb2a8252103dea85cc0758aa",
        "RepoTags": [
            "postgres:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "postgres@sha256:f4cd32e7a418d9c9ba043e7d561243388202b654c740bcc85ca40b41d9fb4f1e"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2022-12-22T23:19:59.856808957Z",
        "Container": "938c729969fbf6312f6563590395ed0bb4cbc982b039598c38ffa539c86a5df5",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "938c729969fb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "5432/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/lib/postgresql/15/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.14",
                "LANG=en_US.utf8",
                "PG_MAJOR=15",
                "PG_VERSION=15.1-1.pgdg110+1",
                "PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data"
            ],

执行以下命令创建并启动PgSQL容器，自定义命名为my-postgres：

1
2

[root@localhost home]# docker run -p 5432:5432 -v /home/docker/postgresql/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=123456 -e TZ=PRC -d --name=my-postgres postgres
165c63929bf341497816b85f28a060a2c6f75b7d9144627a560547b9ca92f9f4

现在便可以用docker ps -a查看容器是否已经运行：

[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS                                       NAMES
165c63929bf3   postgres            "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute               0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp, :::5432->5432/tcp   my-postgres
4c1699cdc854   flask-test:latest   "/bin/sh -c 'gunicor…"   9 days ago           Restarting (1) 45 seconds ago                                               flask_test

构建Flask API镜像

由于有多条命令，不方便直接写到Dockerfile中的CMD子命令中，因此在后端项目目录下新建boot.sh

#切换到后端项目目录
[root@localhost home]# cd /root/WeChat_exercise/back-end
[root@localhost back-end]# ls
app  config.py  invoke  migrations  package.json  __pycache__  Python.gitignore  requirements.txt  venv  weixin.py
[root@localhost back-end]# touch boot.sh
[root@localhost back-end]# vi boot.sh
#内容如下
#!/bin/sh

while true; do
    flask db upgrade
    if [[ "$?" == "0" ]]; then
        break
    fi
    echo Failed to apply the migration to the database, retrying in 3 secs...
    sleep 3
done
flask deploy
exec gunicorn -w 3 -b 0.0.0.0:5000 --access-logfile - --error-logfile - weixin:app
#授予可执行权限
[root@localhost back-end]# chmod +x boot.sh

新建一个Dockerfile

[root@localhost back-end]# touch Dockerfile
[root@localhost back-end]# vi Dockerfile

[root@CentOS www]# vim back-end/Dockerfile
内容如下：

FROM python:3.6-alpine

COPY ./back-end /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
RUN pip --no-cache-dir install  -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ \ 
  && pip install gunicorn
ENV FLASK_APP weixin.py
EXPOSE 5000
ENTRYPOINT ["./boot.sh"]

开始构建后端Flask API镜像

[root@localhost back-end]# cd ../
[root@localhost WeChat_exercise]# docker build -f back-end/Dockerfile -t weixin-api:0.0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon    573MB.2MB
Step 1/8 : FROM python:3.6-alpine
 ---> 3a9e80fa4606
Step 2/8 : COPY ./back-end /usr/src/app
 ---> f5a2a7ecb4cf
...
Step 6/8 : ENV FLASK_APP weixin.py
 ---> Running in e9f4ebef3d13
Removing intermediate container e9f4ebef3d13
 ---> 7317d7be0b13
Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 5000
 ---> Running in c544718548e6
Removing intermediate container c544718548e6
 ---> c6e683ab97ff
Step 8/8 : ENTRYPOINT ["./boot.sh"]
 ---> Running in c8e11997efb0
Removing intermediate container c8e11997efb0
 ---> 64f072fbbbe5
Successfully built 64f072fbbbe5
Successfully tagged weixin-api:0.0.1

启动Flask API容器

1
2

[root@localhost WeChat_exercise]# docker run -d --name weixin-api --link my-postgres:postgres -e DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:123456@localhost:5432/postgres -p 5000:5000 --rm weixin-api:0.0.1
2b58b6f9a4984649df15eda6c7b5b849697b3fc6f9cdfd906009e52814763f19

构建Nginx容器

修改WeChat_exercise/front-end/src/main.js文件，增加以下代码，其中192.168.60:131为虚拟机ip

Vue.use(ElementUI);
if (process.env.NODE_ENV==='production'){
  axios.defaults.baseURL='http://192.168.60:131:5000'
}else {
  axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000';
}

将打包后的静态文件，拷贝到 ../docker/nginx/data 目录中，后续映射到 Nginx 容器中去

[root@localhost home]# cd /root/WeChat_exercise/front-end
[root@localhost front-end]# npm install
[root@localhost front-end]# npm run build
[root@localhost front-end]# mkdir -p ../docker/nginx/data
[root@localhost front-end]# cp -a dist/* ../docker/nginx/data
[root@localhost front-end]# cd ..
[root@localhost WeChat_exercise]#

启动Nginx容器

1 2	[root@localhost WeChat_exercise]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 18080:80 --rm -v $PWD/docker/nginx/data:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx 50f66f6ad75ec19220e37fe510724b70448b462a7e7c6b335f42de4893f44944

浏览器访问http://192.168.60.131:18080/#/ping，前端应用能够正常访问到后端API接口：

使用Docker Compose编排容器

安装docker-compose

[root@localhost WeChat_exercise]# cd back-end
[root@localhost back-end]# curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.4.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost back-end]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost back-end]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost back-end]# docker-compose version
Docker Compose version v2.4.1

创建并编写docker-compose.yaml文件

[root@localhost back-end]# touch docker-compose.yaml
[root@localhost back-end]# vi docker-compose.yaml
#内容如下：

version: "3.7"
services:
    my-postgres:
        image: postgres
        privileged: true
        # 权限要加，不然启动会告错
        environment:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: 123456
          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
          POSTGRES_DB: postgres
          TZ: Asia/Shanghai
        ports:
          - 5432:5432
        volumes:
          - /home/docker/postgresql/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
        restart: always

    weixin-api:
        image: weixin-api:0.0.1
        build:
            context: .
            dockerfile: Dockerfile
        restart: always
        ports:
            - "5000:5000"
        depends_on:
            - my-postgres

    nginx:
        image: nginx
        ports:
           - "18080:80"
        volumes:
           - "$PWD/docker/nginx/data:/usr/share/nginx/html"

查看正在运行的容器并使它们全部停止运行

#查看正在运行的容器
[root@localhost back-end]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                          PORTS                                       NAMES
2b58b6f9a498   weixin-api:0.0.1    "./boot.sh"              47 minutes ago   Up 47 minutes                   0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp   weixin-api
50f66f6ad75e   nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago      Up 2 hours                      0.0.0.0:18080->80/tcp, :::18080->80/tcp     nginx
165c63929bf3   postgres            "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 hours ago      Up 2 hours                      0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp, :::5432->5432/tcp   my-postgres
4c1699cdc854   flask-test:latest   "/bin/sh -c 'gunicor…"   9 days ago       Restarting (1) 14 seconds ago                                               flask_test

#停止所有正在运行的容器
[root@localhost back-end]# docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
27ddc44b2109
a0704302049b
d5e616940191
2b58b6f9a498
2d86579808e5
bb1794163d8e
be6acf36f0d6
50f66f6ad75e
165c63929bf3
4a78c412395d
80b4b9b47652
4c1699cdc854
d140e8d466d0

#检查是否还有容器正在运行
[root@localhost back-end]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

使用Docker Compose启动应用所需的所有容器，'-d' 选项表示在后台运行 compose，否则在前台输出日志

#启动所有容器
[root@localhost back-end]# docker-compose up -d

[+] Running 3/3
 ⠿ Container back-end-nginx-1        Started                                                                                                                                                                  6.0s
 ⠿ Container back-end-my-postgres-1  Started                                                                                                                                                                  6.1s
 ⠿ Container back-end-weixin-api-1   Started                                                                                                                                                                 11.0s

#查看容器状态
[root@localhost back-end]# docker-compose ps
NAME                     COMMAND                  SERVICE             STATUS              PORTS
back-end-my-postgres-1   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   my-postgres         running             0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp, :::5432->5432/tcp
back-end-nginx-1         "/docker-entrypoint.…"   nginx               running             0.0.0.0:18080->80/tcp, :::18080->80/tcp
back-end-weixin-api-1    "./boot.sh"              weixin-api          running             0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp

#查看各容器的运行日志，若含有'-f' 选项则持续输出
[root@localhost back-end]# docker-compose logs
#停止全部容器
[root@localhost back-end]# docker-compose stop
[+] Running 3/3
 ⠿ Container back-end-weixin-api-1   Stopped                                                                                                                                                                 16.3s
 ⠿ Container back-end-nginx-1        Stopped                                                                                                                                                                  4.0s
 ⠿ Container back-end-my-postgres-1  Stopped

端口被占用解决方法

在docker部署的过程中，若端口被占用，如80端口，可使用以下命令解除端口占用：

#查看占用80端口的进程
[root@localhost back-end]# netstat -lnp | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1159/nginx: master  
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1159/nginx: master  
#杀死占用端口的进程
[root@localhost back-end]# kill -9 1159
#查看是否还有进程占用端口，若有，则继续杀死进程，若无，则端口占用已解除
[root@localhost back-end]# netstat -lnp | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1160/nginx: worker  
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1160/nginx: worker  
[root@localhost back-end]# kill -9 1160
[root@localhost back-end]# netstat -lnp | grep 80

原文作者：唐抉

原文链接：http://tangmenjue.top/2022/12/15/Docker%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98/

发表日期：December 15th 2022, 12:16:08 am

更新日期：December 15th 2022, 12:16:08 am

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1. 1.1. 配置代码运行环境
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